Mechanical movement



July 3, 1945. w, NQWKA 2,379,454

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 7 Filed July 24, 1945 7 Sheets- Sheet l INVENTORWE/P/VE/P A/O/V/fA ATTORNEYS July 3, 1945. w NQWKA 2,379,454

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG; 6.

Zc INVENTOR WEQ/VEA A o/v/m ATTORNEYS y 1945' w. NOWKA MECHANICALMOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1943 '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 MYUINMILN RK m mm m wNflm MR 0M 5 y 1945- w. NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 '7Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR WE/P/VER A/o/v/m 4- faith ATTO RNEYS '7Sheets-Sheet -w. NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 flfiJ- y3 1 4 i NMUIN July 3, w NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 FiledJuly 24, 1945 \NVENTOR WERNER Now/(A BY D ATTORNEYS WITNESS.

1"? 3; 945. .i WK I 2,379,454 I Q I I MECHANICAL MOVIEMEINT Filed July24, 1945 7 Sheets$heet 7 FIGJZ f V v l c INVENTOR ATTORNEYS PatentedJuly 3, 1945 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,379,454 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTWerner Nowka, Garden City, N. Y., assignor to Varispeed Corporation,Dover, Del.

Application July 24, 1943, Serial No. 496,002

19 Claims.

This invention relates to mechanical movements for application to powertransmissions, and more particularly to variable speed transmissions.

This invention is based upon a variation and extension of thefundamental principle embodied in my prior patent for Mechanicalmovement, No. 2,322,539, granted June 22, 1943.

The principal object of, the invention resides in a mechanical movementfor transmitting rotary motion from a driving element to a drivenelement by means of a driving element which is Figure 13 is asideelevatlonal view partly in section of a further modified form ofmechanical .speed transmission embodying the principle of my invention.

Figure 14 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line |4l4 ofFigure 13. I

Figure is a. vertical transverse sectional view so shaped as to form anangle with respect to I the dlrection'of its forward rotary movement andwhich functions to displace a driven element whose rotary movement isdetermined by guiding means, in the direction of such guiding means by adistance depending upon the relationship of the driving angle and thesaid direction of the guiding means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanical movement foruse in variable speed transmission, wherein a driving element is mountedon a drive shaft for rotation at a constant speed in such manner astoform an angle with the direction of rotation for rotating a drivenelement which is so-shaped or mounted as to allow its movement only in afixed direction, and

forward in such fixed direction at a speed depending upon therelationship of the driving angle and the said direction of drivenmovement.

Other novel features of the invention will become apparent as thespecification is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich,

Figures 1, 2, and 3 are diagrammatic views' illustrating the fundamentalprinciple embodied in the present invention.

Figure 4 is a sideelevational view of mechanical equivalents of theelements indicated in-Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5-5 of Flgure'4.

Figure 6 is a side elevational view .of other mechanicalequivalents'of-the elements shown in Figure 1. i 1

Figure '7 is a. side elevational view of mechanical equivalents of theelements indicated in Figure 2.

Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the reaction rings shown inFigure 13.

Figure 17 is adiagrammatic view similar to Figure 1, but-showingposition and direction of the driving element reversed from that showntherein. v

Figure 18 is a diagrammatic plan view of the spherical shaped body inflattened condition when turning in clockwise direction.

Figure 19 is a view similar to Figure 18 but showing the positionof theparts when the body is turning in a counterclockwise direction.

Referring to the drawings by reference charactersand at presenttothediagrammaticview shown in Figure l, the numeral l designates atriangular shaped driving element moving forward under the influence ofa propelling force in the direction of the arrow F. A triangular shapeddrivenelement 2, which in this instance is intended for slidingmovement, although in I practical use, the movement is rotatable as willis defined as the driven angle and will be so re- Figure 8 is a,vertical longitudinal sectional view of a variable speed transmission'embodying the principle of my mechanical movement.

Figure 9 is a detail vertical sectional view on the line 9-9 of Figure8.

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view illustrating the driven element ina tilted driven position.

Figure 11 is a vertical transverse sectional view on the line I l--l lof Figure 8.

Figure 12 is a detail side elevational view of the driven element perse.

ferred to hereinafter.

The angularsurface of the driven element 2 ism operating. contact with athird essential element of thezmovement, namely, a reaction element,herein shown as a roller 8. 7

By reference to Figure 1, it will be seen that as the'driving element 1moves forward a distance designated d to the position indicated indotted lines, the driven element 2 rolls forward against the reactionelement 3 in a direction determined bydriven angle B to the positionshown in dotted lines. The total forward movement of the driven element2 in the driving direction F is therefore the distance d, which dependsupon the driving distance d and the relationship of the driving angle Aand the driven angle B. Therefore, for any distance d of the forwardmovement of the driving element l, the resulting forward movement (1 ofthe driven element2 becomes variable, if either the driving angle A orthe driven angle B becomes variable.

Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates a slight variation of the principleset forth in Figure 1. In Figure 2, the reference character I representsa driving element moving forward in the direction of the arrow F andforms the driving angle A with the said driving direction as in thediagram shown in Figure 1. The driven element is designated 2 and inthis instance it constitutes a roller, while the reaction element 3forms the angle B or what is termed the driven angle with the directionof driving movement F. As related to the driving angle A and drivenangle B as defined, the forward movement d of the driven element 2resulting from the forward movement d of driving element I, is the sameas in Figure 1 except that in Figure l the driven angle B is the remainsconstant in all changes of the driving angle A. v

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the actual relationship ofthe resulting forward movement of the driven element to both the drivingand driven angles-of the diagrammatic showings in Figures 1 and 2. InFigure 3, A is the driving angle corresponding to the angles A and A inFigure 1 and Figure 2 respectively, and B is the driven angle, resultingfrom the difference of contact angle C and driving angle A equivalent tothe driven angle B in Figure 1 or formed by construction equivalent tothe driven angle B in Figure 2. Any point P on the inclined surface ofthe driving element I is chosen and. shown moved forward along the legof the driven angle 13 to the position P due to the forward movement dof the driving element l to the position shown in dotted lines. Aparallel to the direction of driving movement through point P'intersects the leg of the driving angle A in point 0. From the resultingtriangle 0, P, P, the displacement P, P, along the leg of the drivenangle is seen to be:

d sin A P- Pl equals m equals equals From the foregoing analysis of themovement employed in the present invention, it is apparequals cut that,while the forward movement of the driven element in the direction of thedriving movement depends upon the relationship of both. the drivingangle and the driven angle, it results from the fact that the primarydisplace ment or the actual movement of the driven element occurs in thedirection solely determined by the driven angle as defined, whetherdependent on the driving angle as in Figure l or independent of thedriving angle as in Figure 2. In other words, the driven angle serves asa guide for the resulting forward movement of the driven element and maytherefore be properly called a guide angle. This function of the drivenangle as guide angle isespecially emphasized at this time because itforms an extremely important feature of the new mechanical movementemplo'yedin the present invention as will be more, clearly understoodhereinafter.

By reference to Figures 4 to 'l' inclusive, it will be seen that I haveembodied in mechanical equivalents, the fundamental elements which arediagrammatically illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The mechanicalelements'thereby illustrated in Figures 4 to '7 are not intended to showthe application of these principles in a continued drive, but merely toshow mechanical elements embodying the fundamentals of the motionitself.

In Figures 4 and 5, the inclined surface of the driving-element I ofFigure 1 constitutes the disk l which is fixed to one end of a driveshaft 4 so as to form an angle A 'with its direction of rotation Fcorresponding to the driving angle A in Figure 1. The driven element 2of Figure 1 is represented by the driven element 2 in Figures 4 and 5and which consists of an annular ringlike body mounted for universalmovement by a ball joint 5 upon the end of a driven shaft 6, the

latter being mounted in co-axial relation to the driving shaft 4. Thedriven element 2 is provided with an arcuate slot 1 forming acontactangle C with the inclined surface of the disk l resulting in the drivenor guide angle B with reference to the direction of rotation F The thirdessential element for the functioning of this improved mechanicalmovement, namely, the reaction elementfi referred to in Figure l is hereidentified and roller 3 in cooperating contact with the arcuate orinclined slot I and which roller is rotatably mounted on the inner endof a stud 8. It is evident that this arrangement of mechanical partsexactly corresponds to the elements diagrammaticallyillustrated inFigure'l and that, if the drive shaft l with its angular driving elementl rotates in the direction shown (clockwise) the driven element 2rotates forward in the direction determined by the guide angle 3*against roller 3 in precisely the manner described in connection withFigure 1 and Figure 3.

Figure 6 illustrates a mechanical movement which is identical to thatshown in Figures 4 and 5, except that the guide angle B is created byproviding a stud 9 on the driven element 2 there being an eccentric Inmounted on the stud 9 which has its periphery in contact with a reactionsurface 3. The angle B in this instance is formed by one-half of thecircumference of the eccentric as the base and twice the eccentricity asthe height. The driving element I is the same as in Figures 4 and-5,forming the same driving angle A with the direction of rotation.

Figure '7 illustrates mechanical elements equivalent to the diagrammaticshowing in Figure 2, wherein the driven or guide angle is provided inmagnitude of this applied force is determined by the reaction elementrather than in the driven element. The reaction element is designated 3and has an arcuate slot ll therein forming the guide angle 3 with thedirection of rotation I of drive shaft 4. The driven element 2 isproelements embodying the fundamental principles involvedimprovedmeohanical movement,

the saidmo've'ment fmay -bebriefiy defined as follows:

A driving element so shaped-as to form an angle with the direction ofits-forward movement,

displaces a driven elementv whose movement is determined bya guidingmeans,-',in a direction of such guiding means by a distance dependingupon the relationship of thedrivin'g angle and the said direction of"said guiding means. The movement may also'be defined in the followingterms? A driving element mounted on a drive shaft rotating atconstant'speed, in such manner as of nutation that it is likely to beconfused therewith. It isimportant at this point to stress the fact thatthe movement of the driven element constituting the essence of thisinvention, even if thus mounted on aball joint, is not that of nutation,but an entirely new movement. resulting from the displacement of adriven element in a direction forced by guiding means as has beenclearly set forth hereinbefore. This recent state- 0 ment of theinvention is believed essential, in

view of the fact that nutation has been used before as a base for speedvariation, notably by C. W. Weiss, in his U. S. Letters Patent No.1,146,982 dated July 20, 1915, and which is entirely based upon thetransformation or translation of nutation into rotation, and whereinthe-variation ofspeed isobtained by changing the angleof the axisof apurely nutating body.

The'structural, as well as the fundamental difference between nutationtransformed into rotation, and the new mechanical movement of thepresent invention having thus been clearly established; it only remainsto show the incorporation of the principle Of, the improved mechanicalmovement in a power transmission with variable speed, which is-so shownin Figures 8 to 12 inclusive, wherein a complete variable speedtransmissionisshown embodying the above defined principles, and in whichthe guiding means are proto form an angle. with the direction fO'f'rotation, ;vided in the driven element, while in Figures 13 rotates adriven element so shaped or. mounted as to allow its movement only in aflxed-direction, forward in such fixed direction'at a speed dependingupon the relationship of the driving angle and the said direction ofdriven movement.

as well i as in terms a of motion as has-been done fit is'also'apparentthat this improved mechanidrive shaft mounted conveniently in bearings22 cal-movement maybe defined in terms of force T to 16, these sameprinciples are shown incorporated in a construction wherein the guidemeans are provided in the reaction means, as will 1 pear in full detailin the following description.

The numeral 2| (Figures 8, 9, and 10) shows a and which may be connectedwith any source of rotating power andhas one of its ends providedbefore, To illustrate, reference is again "made with a head 23 which isprovided with a circular to' Figure '1 of,'thedrawings*wherein thedriving groove 24. A correspondingly shaped driving eleelement I 'isnow'considered asi-a wedge moving forward in the direction of thearrow Fwith a primary or' -vdr'ivin'g force. 'l'husgit is apparent that thisdriving. force exerts a greatly multiplied applied force .upon'thedriven element 2 in a direction indicatedby the arrow P, or a generalaxial direction when referring to the rotating mechanical elements shownin Figure 4, and the force,- displaces a driven element in a directiondetermined by guide means. at a speed depending upon the relationshipbetween-the. direction of the guide means and the saidapplied axialforce.

It only. remains to show how the movement hereinbefore defined maybeincorporated into a mechanical power transmission device with variablespeed. However, before going into a detailed description of a completedevice based on the aforesaid fundamental principles together with othernovel features and improvements, ad-

ditional explanation is believed to be in order.

' Figures; i to inclusive illustrate the essential mechanical elementsof the invention, wherein the-driven element is, shown mounted on a balljoint or its equivalent, which means that the driven element is somounted that itis free to rotate about a point rather than about anaxis, and therefore, not only in onedirection, but in all directions.The driven element, then, is free ,ment 251s slidably mounted in thegroove 24 Means is provided for controlling the position of the drivingelement 25 relative to the plane of rotation of the driving shaft 2|.Such means includes a link 23 which has one of its ends pivoted in aslot 23 provided in the driving element 25 and its other end pivotallyconnected to one end of a member 21 which is slidably mounted in agroove 28 axially provided on the driv shaft 21 and its head 23. Theslide member 21 is provided with a recess which receives the inner raceof a bearing ring 30, the outer race of which is mounted in a circularrecess 3| provided in a yoke-shaped member 32. The member 32 is drilledand tapped to fit the threaded portion 32, of a shaft 33rotatablymounted in a housing 34 and which shaft 33 is in parallelrelation to the drive shaft 2|. This arrangement is more clearly seen inFigure 9, showing these parts insection and elevation. Fixed to thethreaded shaft 33 is abevel gear 35 which has constant meshingengagement with a companion bevel gear 35 fixedly mounted'on th innerend of a shaft 36. The shaft 36 is Journald in a bearing provided in thehousing 34 and the outer end thereof has a hand-' wheel 31 ilxedthereto.By the manual turning 0f the hand wheel 31, axial movement is imparted otothe member 32, and thereby to the bearing and slide member 21.

tion of the control means or control mechanism is shown, in which theface of the driving .to undergo amovement so closely resembling that 76hand-wheel 31 is turned, the threaded shaft 33 In Figure 8 of thedrawings, the initial position of the drive shaft 2|, thereby displacingthe driving element 25 through the link 26 into the angular positionshown in Figure 10. Thus it will be understood that the aforesaid partsand their operation constitute a means for varying the angularity of thedriving element 25 with respect to the direction of rotation of th driveshaft 2|.

For creating an operating contact between the driving element 25 and aconveniently shaped driven element 38, I provide an'annular seat 39 onthe face of the driving element 25 and a complementary seat 48 on theconfrontin portion of the driven element 38 to receive a radial thrustbearing 4|. The driving element 25 and the driven element 38 are thus incontinuous rolling contact, and it is the angularity of this contactwhich constitutes the driving angle as formerly defined, and by reasonof the link 26 and its oper. ating mechanism, the driving angle, andthereby the speed of the driven element maybe made variable.

In order to insure a continuous forward rotation of the driven element38 in a fixed direction,

the necessary guiding means must be provided.

The guiding means in this instance embodies an annular series ofequidistantly spaced overlapping arcuate grooves 42 provided in theouter peripheral surfac of the driven element 38, and forming an-anglewith the face of the drivemember 25 corresponding to the contact angle Cof Figure 1, which grooves correspond in function to the arcuate slot 1shown in Figure 4, and which may be more clearly seen in Figure 12, inwhich the said driven element 38 is shown independently. The series ofarcuate grooves 42 respectively cooperate with balls 43, which bails notOnly contact the walls of the grooves 42 but also the walls of-acorresponding groove 44 provided in the inner peripheral wall of a fixedring 45 in the plane of rotation of the drive shaft 2| and concentrictherewith.

To prevent any back slip of the balls 43, each is placed within a clutcharrangement which in this instance is shown as a gliding plate 48 formedwith an inclined recess 41 and a roller 48 seated in the recess andcontacting the inner peripheral wall of the fixed ring 45, the crosssection in Figure 11 showing this arrangement more clearly. Thus it willbe understood that as the drive shaft 2| rotates, no movement will beimparted to the driven element 38 as long as the latter remains in itsinitial position, that is, with the contact bearing 4! parallel to theplane of rotation. However, as the position of the drive element 25 ischanged in the manner hereinbefore described, a driving angle is formed,whereupon the driven element 38 is forced against one of the series ofballs 43, which ball then becomes the operating ball. As long as thedriving force and consequent applied force is acting against thisparticular operating ball, the latter is held stationary by itsassociated clutch device and the driven element 38 1s rotated forward inthe direction determined by the angularity of the groove 42 inconjunction with the angularity oi the driving angle or the appliedaxial force generated by the wedge action due to the inclination of theshaft 2|, the applied force acts against the nextsucce eding ball 43,which'then becomes the operating ball until all alls have operatedduring one complete revolution of the drive shaft 2|. BY reason of theaforesaid construction and operation, 'one ball after th other incircumferential succession serves as a reaction element for itsrespective groove 42, which results in imparting a continued forwardrotation to the driven element 38, a rotation made variable by thevariation of the driving angle as previously explained.

In order to impart the forward rotation of the driven element 38 in thethus guided direction to the driven shaft 49, a flexible couplingbetween the driven element 38 and the driven shaft 49 is provided in thefollowing manner. The driven shaft 49 is rotatably mounted in bearings58 provided in one end of the housing 34 and co-axially dis posed withrespect to drive shaft 2|. The driven element 38 is mounted on thedriven shaft 49 by means of an intermediate ring H which is connected tothe inner end of the driven shaft 49 by a pair of aiined pinsr52, whilethe ring 5| supports the driven element 38 by means of a pair of alinedpins 53, the axis of the latter pins being disposed at right angle tothe axis of the pins 52 as best illustrated in Figure 11. i

In Figures 13 to 16 inclusive I have shown an alternate construction ofmy invention which in all essentials is identical to that shown inFigures 8 to 12 inclusive, except that the guide means is provided inthe reaction elements rather than the driven element, as will appearfurther on. In the description and drawings, corresponding parts 'willbe referred to by like reference characters.

The said guide means which determines the direction and speed ofrotation of the driven element, is in tris case provided with two ringsNH and 182, the ring K82 being within the ring |0|, both of which arerotatably mounted in the housing 34 by eccentric rollers I84 whichtravel in annular grooves I85 provided in the housing 34. Each ring Ifand I82 is provided with a pair'of opposite inclined slots, those of theouter ring ||l| being designated Hi6 and those of the inner ring I82being designated I01. The inclination of the slots I86 in the outer ringis opposite to that of the slots l8! in the inner ring so that theyassume a crossing relation. In Figure 16 the relationship of these slotsis shown in an elevation of these two rings.

The driven element 38 is mounted on the driven shaft 49 by means of aflexible coupling as shown in Figure 8, and is in operative engagementwith the driving element 25 which is ad- .iustably mounted on the driveshaft 2| as heretofo're explained.

The driven element 38 is provided with a pair of opposed radiallydisposed pins 38, each of which carries rollers me and H0 which arerespectively disposed in the slots |88 and ill? for rolling contact withthe inclined side walls thereof.

The operation of the form of the invention shown in Figures 13 to 16 issimilar to that shown in the previous construction, for as the driveshaft 2| rotates with the driving element 38 in its initial position asshown in Figure 13, no axial force is exerted on the driven element. andtherefore, there is no rotation of the driven element. However, when thedriven element 33 is given an inclination, a driving angle is createdwhich transmits an axial wedge force from the driving element 25 to thedriven element 38 which forces the rollers I88 and H8 against theinclined surfaces of the respective slots 18% and ifl'i. It is apparentthat as the driving element 25 conand in (the direction shown'lat right'an'g'les to inclined? u face o dawns elemen I Y a'sin Fi I ,ure 4, thisis in a general direction of the axis aavaesc tinually rotates, theaxial-pressure ofithe rollers against the inclined surfaces of the slotsderived from the axial force generated by the 1 drive member is exertedalternately forward and backward. It is for this reason that the ringsIOI and I02 are provided with the slots I06 and I! respectively, whoseinclination is opposite one another with respect to the direction ofrotation of the driving element 25. The forward rotation of the drivenelement 38'- is therefore alternately forced in the direction of theslots I01 in the inner ring I02 and in the direction of the slots onedirection and the rollers I lllrolling forward along the inclinedsurface of the walls ofthe slots 106 in the outer ring IOI, duringone-half revolution of the'drive shaft 2I, andjtherefore, dur- I ingone-half revolution, the pins *I081Jand thereby 5. the driven element38*. will be axially forced in" 1, the only difference being theposition and direction of movement of the driving element I.

If the driving element I movesfrom its initial position shown in fulllines by the distance (1 to the position shown in dotted lines, a forcein the direction at right angles to the inclined surface of the saiddriving element is again gen erated, shown by the arrow P or, ifreferred to rotating elements such as shown in Figure 4;

again in the general. direction of the axis of rotation. 1 I

This means thatthe driven element 2 1s forced against the reactionroller 3 in the same general direction asthe driven element 2 in FigureV1'. The resultant forward movement of the said driven element 2 against,the reaction roller 3 IIl'Iof the inner ring m.- During; this onehalf.

revolution of the drive shaft, theinner ring I02 is stationary; whilethe rollers I00 engaging the "inclined surfaces of the slot I06 ofthe-outer ring I01, causing the outer ring- III to rotate forwardly acorresponding distance. Duringthe sec- 0nd half revolutiont'ofthe driveshaft .p2 l, the- "rollers I09 and I10..are-axially' forced iirtheopposite .directioniwithgthe -resultithat the outer' ring IOI becomesstationary, while the rollers I06'move forward along the inclinedsurface of the slots I06 in the outer ring I0 I, while the inner rollersIIO force the inner ring I02 to rotate forwardly.

Y can therefore-only occur in the direction indicated by..the arrow Rdetermined'by the relationship between the driving angle A and thedriven angle B exactly as before. The driven element 2 has thereby movedfrom its original position shown in full lines to that shown in Thus itwill be understood that during the continuou rotation of the drive shaft2I and driving element .25, the rings IIII and I02 alternately becomeactive and inactive. Each ring during its active period becomesstationary and forms the guide means to force the direction of forwardrotation of the driven element 38, and during its inactive period itmoves along to be in place to again perform its operative function.

The eccentric rollers I04 act to prevent back slippage of the ringsduring their active periods ,dotted lines by the distance dcorresponding to the distance d, in Figure 1.

Asapplied to the complete unit as otherwise ful lydescribed 'a;bove,this feature is more speci- 'flcally'i-llustrated in'Figure 18 andFigure 19, to

which reference is now made; i "F0rthe sake f'greater cleamess, thedriven element, shown in the drawings in the form of a partly sphericalshaped body 38, provided with the inclined grooves 02, is shown inFigure 18 and Figure 19 flattened out into the element 5 shown in itsoriginal position in full lines and provided with the inclined grooves6.

Corresponding to the balls 43 in the drawings,

the balls I 2 3 and 4 are shown in Figand they act as clutches in amanner similar to that of the slide clutch plate .46 and'rollers'fl of;

the guide means regardless of the direction of roforwardmovement oflth'e driving:- ele'men-t I in the directionindicated by'thearrow F, butrather indirectly to the-applied; force-indicated-by the arrow P,generated by the impellingforce" F,

Referrin'g'to rotating -'elements such of rotation.

Since-then, the forward movement of the driven element is due to theforce P and not the a force F, itis immaterial in what directionftheforce F is moving. The direction of the resulting driven movement mustbe the same.

Figure 1'7 illustrates the displacement of the driven element 2 if thedriving element I moves in the direction F opposite the direction F asshown in Figure 1. All the elements shown in Figure 1''! are the same asthoseshown in Figure ures 18 and 19, fitting into grooves 6 and by meansof suitable clutch arrangements constrained to move only in thedirection indicated by the-arrow A". l

The-inclined surface provided on the driving element 25 in Figure 10 isin Figures 18 and 19 represented by thewedge I which has moved fr'omsome initial position into that shown in the figures, which areidentical except thatin Figure l8"v the driveshaft*rotatescIOckWise andthere- I foretl'rewedgeQI hagmovedjfronr left to right asshown by rarrowB-E while in'll'igure- 19 the A drive shaft has rotated counterclockwiseand 2- therefore from right to left as shown by the arrow-B 1-1 ?:-"las'-in*both"cases-rrioved the distanced? to the position; showninsdotted .lines'. inJthedirec- I v ment 2 by. distance d is duenotfdireotlyito the- :Asa resu1tef this rotation the united element tionindicated-by the .arrow' C7,- thatj'i s;[inl the same direction A",' in.vvhich the :balls'are iconstrained to move. The onlydifierence isthatin the cloclrwise rotation of the drive shaft illustrated in; Figure; 18the-. ,ball's have, become and are-becoming" operative inthe rotation .I2 3 P 4*, in-tlie manner clearly described in connec- .,ti'o'n"with thedrawings, while "in the counterclockwiserotation of the drive shaftillustrated in Figure 19 the balls have become and are becomingoperative in theioppositerotation 4 3 The-resulting forward rotation ofthe driven element, however, is the same, whether the drive shaftrotates clockwise or counterclockwise.

While I have shown and described what I consider to be the preferredembodiments of my invention, I wishit to be understood that such"changes in constrfuctionand design as come with- 1n-the= scope of theappended claims may be retive to said drivingand driven elements-to co--operate "with the driving and driven elements to cause thedriving-element to impart to the said driven element a rotationdetermined by the said relative position of the guide means with respecttothe drivingelement and driven element. H

2. A mechanicafmovementcomprisingin combination, a drive shaft, adriving element mounted on said drive shaft, a driven shaft, a drivenele-v ment mounted on said driven shaft, means for transmitting a driveforce fromsaid driving element to said driven element .in the directionof the axis of rotation of the drive shaft; and guide means so fashionedas to cooperate with the said driving element to impart to the saiddriven element a combined turning-and axial movement.

3. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a'drive shaft, adriving element mounted on said drive shaft, an inclined surfaceprovided on said driving element, a drivenshaft, a driven element inoperating contact with said inclined surface, and guide meanscooperating with the inclined surface of the driving element and withthe driven element for imparting to the driven element a combinedturning and axial movement at a speed dependent upon the'inclination ofsaid inclined surface relative to said guide means.

4. A mechanical movement comprising, in com-v bination, a drive shaft, adriven shaft, a reaction element co-axially disposed relative tothe'drive shaft and the driven shaft, 2. driving element mounted on saiddrive shaft, a driven element mounted on said driven shaft, means fortransmitting a driving force from said driving element to said drivenelement in the direction of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft tocause an axial displacement of said driven element, guide means providedon said-driven element to determine the direction of said axialdisplacement, and contact elements interposed between said drivenelement and said reaction element for imparting rotation to said drivenelement at a speeddependent upon the direction of axial driving forceand of said axial displacement.

5. A mechanical movement comprising, in combination, a drive shaft, adriving element mounted on said drive shaft at an angle relative to thedirection of rotation of the drive shaft and forming a driving angle, adriven shaft, a driven element mounted on said driven shaft and disposedin operative engagement with saiddriving element, and guide means sopositioned relative to said driving element as to form a guide anglewith respect to the direction of rotation of said drive shaft anddisposed in cooperating contact with the driven element to impart acombined turning and axial movement to the driven element at a speeddepending upon the relative angularity of the driving angle and theguide angle.

6. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a drive shaft, adriving element mounted on saiddrive shaft, a driven shaft, a drivenelement mounted on said driven shaft, means for transmitting a driveforce from said driving ele- 2,379,464 sorted to if desired withoutdeparting from the ment to said driven element inthe direction of theaxis of rotation of said drive shaft to cause an axial displacement ofsaid -driven element, guide means in cooperating engagement with saiddriven element to determine the "direction of said axial displacementfor imparting rotation t'o'said driven element, and means fortransferring the rotation of the driven element to the driven shaft.

7. A mechanical movement comprising, in com-- bination, a drive 5 it, adriven shaft co-axial with the drive shaf a driving element mounted on.said drive shaft, a driven element in operative contact with saiddriving element, guide means in operative contact with said drivenelement and cooperating with said driving element to impart a compoundmovement of axial displacement and rotation thereto, and a flexiblecoupling between the driven element and the: drlvenshaft to impartrotation to the driven shaft.

8. A mechanical movement comprising, in combination, a drive shaft, adriving element mounted on said drive shaft, eans for transmitting adrive force from the driving element to the driven element in the samedirection of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft to impart axialmovement to the driven element, guide means in operative contact withthe driven element to convert the axial the drive shaft at an anglerelative to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, a drivenelement; coupling means operatively connecting the driven shaft anddriven element, a thrust bearing intermediate the driving element andthe 40 driven element and with which confronting portions of the drivenand driving elements engage to impart a driving force from the drivingelement to the driven element in the direction of the axis of rotationofthe drive shaft to cause a displacement of thedriven element, andguide means op- .eratively associated with said driven element todetermine the direction and consequently the amount of saiddisplacement.

10. A' mechanical movement comprising, in

combination, a drive shaft, a driven shaft coaxial with the driveshaft,'an annular driven element normally co-a'xial with the drive anddriven shafts, a flexible connection between said driven element andsaid driven shaft, a driving element, confronting portions provided onthe driven element and the driving element, bearing,

means between the confronting portions, means for mounting the drivingelement upon the drive shaft for movement from an inoperative positionparallel to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, to variedoperative positions in angular of the axis of rotation of the driveshaft to cause I v aerate said means including complementary seat por-'tions on the driving and driven elements, a

thrust bearing interposed between the driving and driven elements andbeing seated against said seat portions, guide means provided on saiddriven element to determine the direction of said axial displacement,and contact elements interposed between said driven element and saidreaction element for impartin rotation to said driven element at a speeddependent upon the direction of axial driving force and of said axialdisplacement. g

'12. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a drive shafthaving an enlarged flat head at 'one end thereof, a driving elementslidably mounted in the outer face of said head and being provided witha flat surfa'ce normally disposed parallel to. the direction of rotationof the drive shaft, a driven shaft coaxial with the drive shaft havingone of its ends disposed in relatively close spaced relation to saidhead, an annular driven element, a flexible connection between thedriven element and the aforesaid end of the driven shaft, said drivenelement having" a, surface complementary to and confronting the outersurface of the head and spaced therefrom, a thrust bearing between theconfronting surfaces of the driven element and the drive element and inbearing contact therewith, actuating means for sliding the drive elementto a position with its outer flat surface disposed at an angle relativeto the direction of rotation of the drive shaft and to correspondinglymove the driven element, relative to the driven shaft to provide adriving angle, guide means disposed relative to the driving element toform a guide angle with respect to the direction of rotation of thedrive shaft to impart a combined turning and axial movement to thedriven element at a speed depending upon the relative angularity of thedriving angle and the guide angle.

13. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven elementsuitably mounted, a driving element suitably mounted and -in operatingcontact with the said driven element to impart to the said drivenelement a movement of oscillation, and guide means to translate thismovement of oscillation into a compound movement of rotation and axialdisplacement in a direction determined by the relationship of the saidguide means to the said driving element.

14. A mechanical movement comprising in combination a driven elementsuitably mounted, a driving element suitably mounted and in operatingcontact with the said driven ele- -ment to impart to the said drivenelement a movement of axial displacement, and guide means in operatingcontact with the said driven ing contact with the said' driven elementto impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, guidemeans in operating contact with the .said driven element to convert thesaid movement of oscillation into a compound movement of axialdisplacement and rotation about the axis of rotation of the said drivingelement depending upon the said relationship of the said guide means andthe said driven element, and means to vary the said relationship betweenthe said guide means and the said driving element.

16. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven elementsuitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating in constant direction, adriving element mounted on said drive shaft and in operating contactwith the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a'movement of oscillation, and guide means to convert the said movement ofoscillation into a compound movement of axial displacement and rotationin a direction and by an amount solely determined by the relationshipbetween the said driving element and the said driven element, themovement of rotation being about the axis and in the direction ofrotation of the said drive shaft, as determined by said guide means.

17. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven elementsuitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating in constant direction, adriving element mounted on the said drive shaft and in operating contactwith the said driven element to impart to the said driven element amovement of oscillation, and guide means to convert the said movement ofoscillation into a, compound movement of axial displacement and rotationin a direction and by an amount determined by the relationship of thesaid guide means and the said driving element, the movement of rotationbeing about the axis but in a direction opposite to that of the saiddrive shaft, as determined by said guide means. I

18. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven elementsuitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating alternately in oppositedirections, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft and inoperating contact with the said driven element to impart to the saiddriven element a movement of oscillation, and means to convert thismovementof oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacementand rotation, the rotation being about the axis of rotation of the saiddrive shaft, but constantly in one direction, determined by the saidguide means.

19. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven elementsuitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating alternately in oppositedirections, a driving element mounted on said drive I shaft and inoperating contact with the said driven element to impart to the saiddriven element a movement of oscillation, and means to convert thismovement of oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacementand rotameans to vary the amount and therefore the speed of the saidconstantly one-directional rotation.

WERNER NOW'KA.

